Hemodynamic Measurement Using Four-Dimensional Phase-Contrast MRI: Quantification of Hemodynamic Parameters and Clinical Applications

Hojin Ha; Guk Bae Kim; Jihoon Kweon; Sang Joon Lee; Young-Hak Kim; Deok Hee Lee; Dong Hyun Yang; Namkug Kim

doi:10.3348/kjr.2016.17.4.445

Hemodynamic Measurement Using Four-Dimensional Phase-Contrast MRI: Quantification of Hemodynamic Parameters and Clinical Applications

Korean J Radiol. 2016 Jul-Aug;17(4):445-62. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.4.445. Epub 2016 Jun 27.

Authors

Hojin Ha¹, Guk Bae Kim², Jihoon Kweon³, Sang Joon Lee⁴, Young-Hak Kim³, Deok Hee Lee⁵, Dong Hyun Yang⁵, Namkug Kim⁶

Affiliations

¹ POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
² Asan Institute of Life Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
³ Department of Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
⁴ POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
⁵ Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
⁶ Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.; Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.

Abstract

Recent improvements have been made to the use of time-resolved, three-dimensional phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is also named four-dimensional (4D) PC-MRI or 4D flow MRI, in the investigation of spatial and temporal variations in hemodynamic features in cardiovascular blood flow. The present article reviews the principle and analytical procedures of 4D PC-MRI. Various fluid dynamic biomarkers for possible clinical usage are also described, including wall shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and relative pressure. Lastly, this article provides an overview of the clinical applications of 4D PC-MRI in various cardiovascular regions.

Keywords: 4D flow MRI; 4D phase-contrast MRI; Blood flow; Hemodynamics.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Algorithms
Blood Flow Velocity
Coronary Vessels / diagnostic imaging*
Heart / diagnostic imaging*
Hemodynamics / physiology*
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging*
Shear Strength
Thermodynamics