Introduction: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) affects about 10-40% of women presenting to a physician, and is characterised by pain within the minor pelvis persisting for over 6 months.
Materials and method: The Medline database was searched using the key words 'chronic pelvic pain' and 'pelvic congestion syndrome', published in English during the past 15 years. The condition markedly deteriorates the quality of life of the affected. Its aetiology has not been fully described and elucidated, although organic, functional and psychosomatic factors are implicated. Pain associated with parametrial varices was defined as pelvis congestion syndrome (PCS). Since the aetiology of CPP is complex, multi-directional diagnostic procedures are required.
Results: The main diagnostic methods employed are imaging examinations (ultrasound, computer tomography, magnetic resonance). Advances in interventional radiology considerably contributed to the CPP treatment. Currently, embolization of parametrial vessels is one of the most effective methods to relieve pain associated with pelvic congestion syndrome.
Conclusions: Due to the complex aetiology of chronic pelvic pain, the most beneficial effects are obtained when the therapy is based on cooperation of the gynaecologist, physiotherapist, psychologist and interventional radiologist.