The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Psychological Distress in Canadian Adults With ADD/ADHD

J Atten Disord. 2019 Jul;23(9):940-948. doi: 10.1177/1087054716653214. Epub 2016 Jun 10.

Abstract

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and psychological distress in individuals self-reporting a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD)/ADHD.

Method: This correlational study encompasses cross-sectional data from 488 male and female adults (20-64 years) who reported that they have been diagnosed with ADD/ADHD. Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10).

Results: Adults with ADD/ADHD and high incomes have significantly lower K10 scores than Canadians with ADD/ADHD and low incomes. Income, but not education, was significant in predicting psychological distress among the sample. Canadian adults with ADD/ADHD have an increased risk for developing psychological distress and comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that negative outcomes associated with ADD/ADHD are not necessarily pervasive. High income may serve as a protective factor for psychological distress among adults with ADD/ADHD.

Keywords: ADD/ADHD; SES; adult; adult ADHD; psychological well-being.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*
  • Canada / epidemiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Psychological Distress
  • Social Class
  • Stress, Psychological / epidemiology