The 2012 FAV-S pilot study was developed as a dietary intervention program for low-income Somali mothers grounded in the health belief model. The intervention was geared toward increasing fruit and vegetable intake among participants' children. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the impact of the FAV-S program on participants' (1) self-efficacy in ability to serve more fruits and vegetables, (2) knowledge and beliefs about healthy eating, and (3) perceived barriers to accessing healthy foods. Furthermore, this study assessed change in fruit and vegetable intake among participants and their children. The intervention consisted of two small group education sessions addressing nutrition, serving size, and label reading; a cooking session incorporating fruits and vegetables into traditional Somali dishes; and a grocery store session demonstrating best purchasing practices. Self-efficacy, knowledge and beliefs, and perceived barriers were assessed via surveys administered verbally in Somali pre- and postintervention. Paired t tests were used to compare pre- and postintervention survey responses. Twenty-five women participated in the pilot study; mean age was 43.6 years ( SD = 12.4). Self-efficacy significantly increased among participants postintervention ( p = .01), though there were no significant changes in knowledge and beliefs or perceived barriers. Following intervention, daily servings of fruits and vegetables significantly increased among both women and children ( p = .01 to p < .01). Findings suggest that a multistage, culturally tailored, approach is effective at increasing self-efficacy and fruit and vegetable intake in the Somali community. Continued and expanded research is needed to further develop culturally focused dietary interventions.
Keywords: diet; health behavior; health belief model; immigration health; maternal and child health; nutrition.