Pycnosomes: Condensed Endosomal Structures Secreted by Dictyostelium Amoebae

PLoS One. 2016 May 17;11(5):e0154875. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154875. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Dictyostelium discoideum has been used largely as a model organism to study the organization and function of the endocytic pathway. Here we describe dense structures present in D. discoideum endocytic compartments, which we named pycnosomes. Pycnosomes are constitutively secreted in the extracellular medium, from which they can be recovered by differential centrifugation. We identified the most abundant protein present in secreted pycnosomes, that we designated SctA. SctA defines a new family of proteins with four members in D. discoideum, and homologous proteins in other protists and eumetazoa. We developed a monoclonal antibody specific for SctA and used it to further characterize secreted and intracellular pycnosomes. Within cells, immunofluorescence as well as electron microscopy identified pycnosomes as SctA-enriched dense structures in the lumen of endocytic compartments. Pycnosomes are occasionally seen in continuity with intra-endosomal membranes, particularly in U18666A-treated cells where intraluminal budding is highly enhanced. While the exact nature, origin and cellular function of pycnosomes remain to be established, this study provides a first description of these structures as well as a characterization of reagents that can be used for further studies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / immunology
  • Biological Transport
  • Dictyostelium / immunology
  • Dictyostelium / metabolism*
  • Dictyostelium / ultrastructure
  • Endocytosis
  • Endosomes / immunology
  • Endosomes / metabolism*
  • Endosomes / ultrastructure
  • Intracellular Membranes / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Protozoan Proteins / chemistry
  • Protozoan Proteins / genetics
  • Protozoan Proteins / immunology
  • Protozoan Proteins / metabolism

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Protozoan Proteins

Grants and funding

This work has been supported by the Commissariat à l’Energie atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, the Université Grenoble-Alpes, the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (LA, AJ, YC, LM and ML), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (LA), the Swiss National Science Foundation (PC) (grant 31003A_153326) and the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ProFi grant ANR-10-INBS-08-01(YC) and DYNOTEP ANR-12-BSV6-0016-01 (LA, AJ)). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.