Solitary Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Staging and Treatment Strategy

PLoS One. 2016 May 13;11(5):e0155588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155588. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Background & aims: Controversies exist on staging and management of solitary large (>5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aims to evaluate the impact of tumor size on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging and treatment strategy.

Methods: BCLC stage A and B patients were included and re-classified as single tumor 2-5 cm or up to 3 tumors ≤3 cm (group A; n = 657), single tumor >5 cm (group SL; n = 224), and multiple tumors >3 cm (group B; n = 351). Alternatively, 240 and 229 patients with solitary large HCC regardless of tumor stage received surgical resection (SR) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), respectively. The propensity score analysis identified 156 pairs of patients from each treatment arm for survival comparison.

Results: The survival was significantly higher for group A but was comparable between group SL and group B patients. Of patients with solitary large HCC, the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 88% versus 74%, 76% versus 44%, and 63% versus 35% between SR and TACE group, respectively (p<0.001). When baseline demographics were adjusted in the propensity model, the respective 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 87% versus 79%, 76% versus 46%, and 61% versus 36% (p<0.001). The Cox proportional hazards model identified TACE with a 2.765-fold increased risk of mortality compared with SR (95% confidence interval: 1.853-4.127, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Patients with solitary large HCC should be classified at least as intermediate stage HCC. SR provides significantly better survival than TACE for solitary large HCC regardless of tumor stage. Further amendment to the BCLC classification is mandatory.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / pathology*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / surgery
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / therapy*
  • Chemoembolization, Therapeutic
  • Female
  • Hepatectomy
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Liver Neoplasms / surgery
  • Liver Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Models, Biological
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prognosis
  • Survival Analysis

Grants and funding

This study was supported by grants from the Center of Excellence for Cancer Research at Taipei Veterans General Hospital (MOHW104-TDU-B-211-124-001), Taiwan, from Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V104C-008, V104A-004, V105A-011), Taipei, Taiwan, and from the Ministry of Education, Aiming for the Top University Plan (103AC-P618), Taiwan. Patient records/information was anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.