United Formula for the Friction Factor in the Turbulent Region of Pipe Flow

PLoS One. 2016 May 2;11(5):e0154408. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154408. eCollection 2016.

Abstract

Friction factor is an important element in both flow simulations and river engineering. In hydraulics, studies on the friction factor in turbulent regions have been based on the concept of three flow regimes, namely, the fully smooth regime, the fully rough regime, and the transitional regime, since the establishment of the Nikuradze's chart. However, this study further demonstrates that combining the friction factor with Reynolds number yields a united formula that can scale the entire turbulent region. This formula is derived by investigating the correlation between friction in turbulent pipe flow and its influencing factors, i.e., Reynolds number and relative roughness. In the present study, the formulae of Blasius and Stricklerare modified to rearrange the implicit model of Tao. In addition, we derive a united explicit formula that can compute the friction factor in the entire turbulent regimes based on the asymptotic behavior of the improved Tao's model. Compared with the reported formulae of Nikuradze, the present formula exhibits higher computational accuracy for the original pipe experiment data of Nikuradze.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Friction*
  • Models, Theoretical*

Grants and funding

The authors, especially WENXIN HUAI, are grateful to the financial support of Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51479007, 11172218, and 11372232) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20130141110016). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.