Phase Engineering of 2D Tin Sulfides

Zafer Mutlu; Ryan J Wu; Darshana Wickramaratne; Sina Shahrezaei; Chueh Liu; Selcuk Temiz; Andrew Patalano; Mihrimah Ozkan; Roger K Lake; K A Mkhoyan; Cengiz S Ozkan

doi:10.1002/smll.201600559

Phase Engineering of 2D Tin Sulfides

Small. 2016 Jun;12(22):2998-3004. doi: 10.1002/smll.201600559. Epub 2016 Apr 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92525, USA.
² Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
³ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92525, USA.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92525, USA.
⁵ Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92525, USA.

PMID: 27099950
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201600559

Abstract

Tin sulfides can exist in a variety of phases and polytypes due to the different oxidation states of Sn. A subset of these phases and polytypes take the form of layered 2D structures that give rise to a wide host of electronic and optical properties. Hence, achieving control over the phase, polytype, and thickness of tin sulfides is necessary to utilize this wide range of properties exhibited by the compound. This study reports on phase-selective growth of both hexagonal tin (IV) sulfide SnS2 and orthorhombic tin (II) sulfide SnS crystals with diameters of over tens of microns on SiO2 substrates through atmospheric pressure vapor-phase method in a conventional horizontal quartz tube furnace with SnO2 and S powders as the source materials. Detailed characterization of each phase of tin sulfide crystals is performed using various microscopy and spectroscopy methods, and the results are corroborated by ab initio density functional theory calculations.

Keywords: 2D materials; SnS; SnS2; phase engineering; tin sulfides.