Alphaherpesvirus Subversion of Stress-Induced Translational Arrest

Viruses. 2016 Mar 15;8(3):81. doi: 10.3390/v8030081.

Abstract

In this article, we provide an overview of translational arrest in eukaryotic cells in response to stress and the tactics used specifically by alphaherpesviruses to overcome translational arrest. One consequence of translational arrest is the formation of cytoplasmic compartments called stress granules (SGs). Many viruses target SGs for disruption and/or modification, including the alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Recently, it was discovered that HSV-2 disrupts SG formation early after infection via virion host shutoff protein (vhs), an endoribonuclease that is packaged within the HSV-2 virion. We review this discovery and discuss the insights it has provided into SG biology as well as its potential significance in HSV-2 infection. A model for vhs-mediated disruption of SG formation is presented.

Keywords: alphaherpesvirus; stress granules; translational arrest.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Eukaryotic Cells / physiology*
  • Eukaryotic Cells / virology*
  • Herpesvirus 2, Human / physiology*
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions*
  • Organelles / metabolism
  • Protein Biosynthesis*
  • Ribonucleases / metabolism
  • Stress, Physiological*
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism
  • Virus Replication*

Substances

  • Viral Proteins
  • virion host shutoff protein, Simplexvirus
  • Ribonucleases