Low-frequency, low-magnitude vibrations (LFLM) enhances chondrogenic differentiation potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hASCs)

Krzysztof Marycz; Daniel Lewandowski; Krzysztof A Tomaszewski; Brandon M Henry; Edward B Golec; Monika Marędziak

doi:10.7717/peerj.1637

Low-frequency, low-magnitude vibrations (LFLM) enhances chondrogenic differentiation potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (hASCs)

PeerJ. 2016 Feb 25:4:e1637. doi: 10.7717/peerj.1637. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Krzysztof Marycz¹, Daniel Lewandowski², Krzysztof A Tomaszewski³, Brandon M Henry⁴, Edward B Golec⁵, Monika Marędziak⁶

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland; Wroclaw Research Centre EIT +, Wroclaw, Poland.
² Department of Mechanics, Materials Science and Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology , Wrocław , Poland.
³ Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital and Polyclinic, Krakow, Poland.
⁴ Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow , Poland.
⁵ Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital and Polyclinic, Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, Bronislaw Czech University School of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland.
⁶ Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate if low-frequency, low-magnitude vibrations (LFLM) could enhance chondrogenic differentiation potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) with simultaneous inhibition of their adipogenic properties for biomedical purposes. We developed a prototype device that induces low-magnitude (0.3 g) low-frequency vibrations with the following frequencies: 25, 35 and 45 Hz. Afterwards, we used human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cell (hASCS), to investigate their cellular response to the mechanical signals. We have also evaluated hASCs morphological and proliferative activity changes in response to each frequency. Induction of chondrogenesis in hASCs, under the influence of a 35 Hz signal leads to most effective and stable cartilaginous tissue formation through highest secretion of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2), and Collagen type II, with low concentration of Collagen type I. These results correlated well with appropriate gene expression level. Simultaneously, we observed significant up-regulation of α3, α4, β1 and β3 integrins in chondroblast progenitor cells treated with 35 Hz vibrations, as well as Sox-9. Interestingly, we noticed that application of 35 Hz frequencies significantly inhibited adipogenesis of hASCs. The obtained results suggest that application of LFLM vibrations together with stem cell therapy might be a promising tool in cartilage regeneration.

Keywords: Adipogenesis; Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Chondrogenesis; Low-magnitude low-frequency vibration stimulation.

Grants and funding

The research was supported by Wroclaw Research Centre EIT + under the project ‘Biotechnologies and advanced medical technologies’—BioMed (POIG.01.01.02-02-003/08) financed from the European Regional Development Fund (Operational Programmed Innovative Economy, 1.1.2.). This publication was supported by Wrocław Centre of Biotechnology, the Leading National Research Centre (KNOW) program between 2014 and 2018. Krzysztof A. Tomaszewski was supported by the Foundation for Polish Science (FNP). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.