Efficiencies of thermodynamics when temperature-dependent energy levels exist

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2016 Mar 14;18(10):7011-4. doi: 10.1039/c5cp07572f.

Abstract

Based on a generalized form of the second law of thermodynamics, in which the temperature-dependent energy levels of a system are appropriately included in entropy generation, we show that the effect reasonably appears in efficiencies of thermodynamic processes.