Rectourethral fistula (RUF) is a rare condition that occurs, in most cases, as a consequence of prostate cancer treatments. Clinical suspicion and proper assessment prior to surgery are essential to adapt and successfully carry out an appropriate treatment plan. There are no randomized trials to guide clinical practice, and therefore, scientific evidence in this respect is limited. Expert recommendations seem to agree on the transperineal approach with flap interposition as the surgical treatment of choice in cases of complex fistulas, especially in those that have undergone prior radiation. Undoubtedly, the key to the successful treatment of the disease is the multidisciplinary and standardized management by physicians with experience in the field.
Keywords: Brachytherapy; Cryotherapy; Prostate cancer; Prostate radiotherapy; Radical prostatectomy complications; Rectourethral fistula.