Non-Invasive Imaging of Preoperative Mapping of Superficial Veins in Free Flap Breast Reconstruction

Affiliations

• ¹ Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
• ² Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ³ Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• ⁴ New York Breast Reconstruction Associates, Great Neck, NY, USA.