The purpose of the study was to present the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment in retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF). We present a case of a 53-year-old woman admitted to the hospital due to low back and abdominal pain complaints lasting a year. Ultrasonography revealed a myoma located along the right bank of the uterus. Six months after myoma enucleation, the patient underwent relaparotomy due to intensifying pain. The surgery revealed the presence of highly vascularized tissue; ureteral structure and topography of the right retroperitoneal were abolished, and anatomical borders were obliterated. Ureteral right catheter was placed, retroperitoneal adhesions were released and tissue fragments were collected from the retroperitoneal space for intraoperative histopathological examination. The result of histopathological examination indicated the presence of eosinophiia, adult fibroblasts proliferation, lymphocyte and plasmocyte infiltration, which confirmed the diagnosis of RPF. Corticosteroid therapy, which was applied during the postoperative period, minimized the pain.