Cystocele is the most common pelvic organ prolapse. It is defined as the descent of the bladder into the anterior vaginal wall. Aging is significantly associated with the prevalence and severity of pelvic organ prolapse. Treatment may be conservative or surgical according to symptoms, prolapse degree and not forgetting both patient and doctor preferences. Identify the most efficient surgical treatment to treat cystocele and its recurrences. Scientific literature was reviewed searching PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles published between 1996 and 2015 and using the terms pelvic organ prolapse, cystocele, mesh surgery, traditional repair, pelvic organ prolapse recurrence, complications, sexual function. There are two different surgical approaches for the treatment of cystocele: traditional repair and mesh repair. Prosthetic treatment gives higher anatomical success rate and fewer recurrence while traditional anterior repair has less complications. Surgical treatment in general improves both the anatomical success rate and the quality of life. The choice of surgery, between traditional and mesh repair, has to be personalized related to the prolapse grade and women tissues.
Keywords: Complications; Cystocele; Mesh surgery; Recurrence; Sexual function; Traditional repair.