Development of a customized whiteness index for dentistry based on CIELAB color space

María del Mar Pérez; Razvan Ghinea; María José Rivas; Ana Yebra; Ana María Ionescu; Rade D Paravina; Luis Javier Herrera

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.008

Development of a customized whiteness index for dentistry based on CIELAB color space

Dent Mater. 2016 Mar;32(3):461-7. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.008. Epub 2016 Jan 6.

Authors

María del Mar Pérez¹, Razvan Ghinea², María José Rivas³, Ana Yebra³, Ana María Ionescu³, Rade D Paravina⁴, Luis Javier Herrera⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain; Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, 7500 Cambridge St., Houston, TX 77054, USA. Electronic address: mmperez@ugr.es.
² Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain; Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, 7500 Cambridge St., Houston, TX 77054, USA.
³ Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain.
⁴ Houston Center for Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, University of Texas, School of Dentistry, 7500 Cambridge St., Houston, TX 77054, USA; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, The University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, 7500 Cambridge Dr., Ste. 5437, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
⁵ Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, E.T.S.I.I.T. University of Granada, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain.

PMID: 26778404
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.12.008

Abstract

Objectives: To develop a customized CIELAB-based whiteness index for dentistry that accurately correlates to perception of tooth whiteness.

Methods: Four psychophysical experiments (PE1-4) were conducted by three panels of observers (OP1-3) under diffuse/0° observation/measuring conditions and under typical clinical viewing conditions. Nine whiteness indices (WI, Z%, WIC, WIO, W31, W64, W, WLAB, W*), two yellowness indices (YID1925, YIE313) and tint of white in the CIELAB color system (T) were compared with regard to their ability to measure the perceived whiteness of human teeth. Determination coefficient (R(2)) and '% wrong decision' (%WD) method were used as direct measures of the quality of the indices for whiteness perception in dentistry.

Results: CIELAB-based whiteness index (WID=0.511L* -2.324a* -1.100b*) was developed through optimization from the data obtained in PE1. The proposed WID performed better than all the CIELAB and CIE1931 XYZ-based indices under laboratory and clinical conditions (only WIO was comparable to WID in PE2 and PE4).

Conclusion: The validation experiments under laboratory and typical clinical conditions revealed that the proposed index WID outperformed previous indices, being the only CIELAB-based index developed for evaluation of whiteness in dentistry.

Keywords: CIELAB color space; Dental materials whiteness; Tooth whiteness; Visual assessments; Whiteness index.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Color / standards*
Color Perception*
Dental Materials / chemistry*
Dental Prosthesis Design / standards*
Esthetics, Dental
Humans
Observer Variation
Prosthesis Coloring / standards*
Psychophysics
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
Tooth Discoloration / classification*

Substances

Dental Materials