ROS-generating/ARE-activating capacity of metals in roadway particulate matter deposited in urban environment

Timor Shuster-Meiseles; Martin M Shafer; Jongbae Heo; Michal Pardo; Dagmara S Antkiewicz; James J Schauer; Assaf Rudich; Yinon Rudich

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.009

ROS-generating/ARE-activating capacity of metals in roadway particulate matter deposited in urban environment

Environ Res. 2016 Apr:146:252-62. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.009. Epub 2016 Jan 15.

Authors

Timor Shuster-Meiseles¹, Martin M Shafer², Jongbae Heo³, Michal Pardo¹, Dagmara S Antkiewicz⁴, James J Schauer², Assaf Rudich⁵, Yinon Rudich⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
² Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
³ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
⁴ Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
⁵ Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
⁶ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Electronic address: Yinon.rudich@weizmann.ac.il.

PMID: 26775006
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.009

Abstract

In this study we investigated the possible causal role for soluble metal species extracted from roadway traffic emissions in promoting particulate matter (PM)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant response element (ARE) promoter activation. To this end, these responses have been evaluated in alveolar macrophage and epithelial lung cells that have been exposed to 'Unfiltered', 'Filtered' and 'Filtered+Chelexed' water extracts of PM samples collected from the roadway urban environments of Thessaloniki, Milan and London. Except for Thessaloniki, our results demonstrate that filtration resulted in a minor decrease in ROS activity of the fine PM fraction, suggesting that ROS activity is attributed mainly to water-soluble PM species. In contrast to ROS, ARE activity was mediated predominantly by the water-soluble component of PM present in both the fine and coarse extracts. Further removal of metals by Chelex treatment from filtered water extracts showed that soluble metal species are the major factors mediating ROS and ARE activities of the soluble fraction, especially in the London PM extracts. Finally, utilizing step-wise multiple-regression analysis, we show that 87% and 78% of the total variance observed in ROS and ARE assays, respectively, is accounted for by changes in soluble metal concentration. Using a statistical analysis we find that As, Zn and Fe best predict the ROS-generating/ARE-activating capacity of the near roadway particulate matter in the pulmonary cells studied. Collectively, our findings imply that soluble metals present in roadside PM are potential drivers of both pro- and anti-oxidative effects of PM in respiratory tract.

Keywords: ARE; Oxidative stress; Particulate matter; ROS; Soluble metals.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Aerosols / analysis
Aerosols / toxicity*
Air Pollutants / analysis
Air Pollutants / toxicity*
Cells, Cultured
Cities
Environmental Monitoring
Filtration
Greece
Italy
London
Metals / analysis
Metals / toxicity
Particulate Matter / analysis
Particulate Matter / toxicity*
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism*
Transition Elements / analysis
Transition Elements / toxicity*
Vehicle Emissions / analysis

Substances

Aerosols
Air Pollutants
Metals
Particulate Matter
Reactive Oxygen Species
Transition Elements
Vehicle Emissions