We provide an overview of terrestrial animal translocations carried out for conservation purposes in Britain, summarising what has been achieved in recent decades and discussing the issues raised by this approach to conservation. In the last 40 years, at least nine species have been reintroduced following extinction in Britain (or at least one country within Britain), including five birds, one mammal, one amphibian and two invertebrates. Many more species have been translocated within Britain to establish additional populations in order to improve conservation status. We discuss the guidelines and protocols used to assess translocation projects in Britain, notably the IUCN guidelines, most recently revised in 2013. We also discuss the likely use of species translocations in future and suggest that, in our increasingly fragmented landscapes, they will have an important role to play in conservation restoration, especially for animals with limited mobility. Moving species around is a complex undertaking and our understanding of the inherent risks involved, including the risks from disease, has improved significantly in recent years. Conservation translocations should be considered in the context of species recovery targets and high standards should be maintained so that disease risks and other potentially negative impacts are minimised.
Keywords: Britain; conservation; disease risks; reintroduction; species; translocation.