Background: The goal of this study was to examine how observed Callous-Unemotional (CU) behavior influenced change in externalized and internalized problems, hyperactivity, social competence, and treatment satisfaction following parent management training.
Methods: Three hundred twenty-three children and their families received Parent Management Training-the Oregon model (PMTO). They were compared at intake and after treatment in order to examine differences in 14 treatment outcomes using hierarchical regression analyses.
Results: Children with low levels of observed CU showed the greatest gains after PMTO treatment. This was evident in parent, therapist, self, and teacher reports.
Conclusions: The results indicate that it is possible to observe CU behavior among children with conduct problems, and that children with elevated levels of observed CU behavior may be in need of additional treatment or components of treatment or more intense versions of parent management treatment.
Keywords: Observed callousness; aggression; anxiety; delinquency; depression; parent management training; social competence.