Background: Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) has previously been characterized as one of the most osteogenic growth factors of the BMP family. To the best of the authors' knowledge, previous experiments have only used adenovirus transfection (gene therapy). With the recent development of recombinant human BMP9 (rhBMP9), the present study investigates the osteopromotive potential of BMP9 versus rhBMP2 when loaded onto collagen membranes.
Methods: ST2 stromal bone marrow cells were seeded onto: 1) control; 2) low-dose rhBMP2 (10 ng/mL); 3) high-dose rhBMP2 (100 ng/mL); 4) low-dose rhBMP9 (10 ng/mL); and 5) high-dose rhBMP9 (100 ng/mL) porcine collagen membranes. The following parameters were compared among groups: 1) cell adhesion (at 8 hours); 2) cell proliferation (at 1, 3, and 5 days); 3) real-time polymerase chain reaction for genes encoding runt-related transcription factor 2; 4) alkaline phosphatase (ALP); 5) bone sialoprotein ([BSP] at 3 and 14 days); and 6) alizarin red staining (at 14 days).
Results: rhBMP2 and rhBMP9 demonstrated little effect on cell attachment and proliferation; however, pronounced increases were observed in osteoblast differentiation. All groups significantly induced ALP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels at 3 days and BSP levels at 14 days; however, high-dose rhBMP9 showed significantly higher values compared with all other groups for ALP levels (five-fold increase at 3 days and two-fold increase at 14 days). Alizarin red staining further revealed both concentrations of rhBMP9 induced up to three-fold more staining compared with rhBMP2.
Conclusions: Results indicate that the combination of collagen membranes with rhBMP9 induced significantly higher ALP mRNA expression and alizarin red staining compared with rhBMP2. These findings suggest that rhBMP9 may be a suitable growth factor for future regenerative procedures in bone biology.
Keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein 2; bone regeneration; osteogenesis; recombinant proteins.