Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c immobilized on titanium nitride/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite for amperometric nitrite biosensor

Yuvaraj Haldorai; Seung-Kyu Hwang; Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan; Yun Suk Huh; Young-Kyu Han; Walter Voit; Gopalan Sai-Anand; Kwang-Pill Lee

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.054

Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c immobilized on titanium nitride/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite for amperometric nitrite biosensor

Biosens Bioelectron. 2016 May 15:79:543-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.054. Epub 2015 Dec 19.

Authors

Yuvaraj Haldorai¹, Seung-Kyu Hwang², Anantha-Iyengar Gopalan³, Yun Suk Huh⁴, Young-Kyu Han⁵, Walter Voit⁶, Gopalan Sai-Anand⁷, Kwang-Pill Lee⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea.
² Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea.
³ Research Energy Institute of Advanced Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
⁴ Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yunsuk.huh@inha.ac.kr.
⁵ Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ykenergy@dongguk.edu.
⁶ Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA; Alan G. MacDiarmid Nanotech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. Electronic address: walter.voit@utdallas.edu.
⁷ School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea. Electronic address: gsaianandh@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Chemistry Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea. Electronic address: kplee@knu.ac.kr.

PMID: 26748372
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.054

Abstract

In this report, titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles decorated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) nanocomposite is fabricated via a two-step process. These two steps involve the decoration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto the MWCNTs surface and a subsequent thermal nitridation. Transmission electron microscopy shows that TiN nanoparticles with a mean diameter of ≤ 20 nm are homogeneously dispersed onto the MWCNTs surface. Direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of cytochrome c immobilized on the MWCNTs-TiN composite modified on a glassy carbon electrode for nitrite sensing are investigated. Under optimum conditions, the current response is linear to its concentration from 1 µM to 2000 µM with a sensitivity of 121.5 µA µM(-1)cm(-2) and a low detection limit of 0.0014 µM. The proposed electrode shows good reproducibility and long-term stability. The applicability of the as-prepared biosensor is validated by the successful detection of nitrite in tap and sea water samples.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; Cytochrome c; Nanocomposite; Nitrite sensor; Titanium nitride.

Publication types

Evaluation Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

Biosensing Techniques / instrumentation*
Cytochromes c / chemistry*
Drinking Water / analysis*
Electrochemical Techniques / instrumentation
Electrodes
Enzymes, Immobilized / chemistry*
Equipment Design
Limit of Detection
Models, Molecular
Nanotubes, Carbon / chemistry*
Nanotubes, Carbon / ultrastructure
Nitrites / analysis*
Seawater / analysis*
Titanium / chemistry

Substances

Drinking Water
Enzymes, Immobilized
Nanotubes, Carbon
Nitrites
titanium nitride
Cytochromes c
Titanium