Introduction: One of the characteristics of modern era is the explosion of diabetes in the world. Today more than 400,000,000 people suffer from diabetes in the entire world. During the last decade the number of women with the disorder of glucose homeostasis is six to seven times greater than in the previous period. Therefore, the re-evaluation of the impact of glucose intolerance on the course and outcome of pregnancy is very current.
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the data on the influence of mothers' glucose homeostasis disturbances on the occurrence of cardiorespiratory disorders in newborns, as well as their influence on the perinatal outcome.
Methods: Prospective examination included 102 newborns in total - 31 infants of mothers with glucose homeostasis disorder (Group 1) and 71 infants of healthy mothers (Group II). Average age, body height, body weight, body mass index, parity and illness duration of the pregnant women had been determined, as well as the delivery method. Every newborn was provided with physical examination, Apgar score was calculated, body weight and body length were measured. Also, electrocardiography and brain ultrasound, as well as the basic hematology biochemical and microbiological analysis, were performed within the examinations of the infants.
Results: The average weight and obesity incidence with diabetic women was higher than in the control group and their infants were heavier and with lower gestational age. Heart failures were diagnosed in five (16.1%) infants of diabetic mothers and in one (1.4%) infant of a healthy woman (p<0.01). Respiratory disorders were diagnosed in 48.4% infants of diabetic mothers and in 12.6% of healthy mothers (p<0.01). Forty-two percent of infants of diabetic mothers and 19.7% infants of healthy mothers needed additional oxygen.
Conclusion: Congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system and respiratory disorders in the infants of diabetic mothers were six to eight times more frequent than in the infants of healthy mothers.