Biomarkers for hypertension should be widely applied to diagnosis, evaluation for risks and therapeutic efficiency. The guidelines from Japan and ESH/ESC list markers to evaluate cardiovascular risks and organ damages which should be applied after careful physical examination and sensitivity, specificity and likelihood of markers must be taken into account. Proteome, metabolome analysis, microRNAs or new markers in blood and urine is promising for future diagnosis of salt-sensitivity, tubular damages and other organ damages. Accumulation of evidence for established markers such as CAVI, AI, FMD or other markers are expected.