Although most neuromuscular disorders are recognized and treated in the outpatient clinic, a subset can present with rapidly advancing or severe weakness and constitute true emergencies by threatening respiratory and bulbar function. This review focuses on the recognition, diagnosis, and management of neuromuscular diseases most likely to present in the inpatient setting: infectious motor neuronopathies, inflammatory polyradiculopathies, and disorders of neuromuscular transmission. In each, the prompt recognition, diagnosis, and institution of specific therapies or supportive care can prevent mortality and mitigate morbidity.
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