PI(4)P homeostasis: Who controls the controllers?

Adv Biol Regul. 2016 Jan:60:105-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jbior.2015.09.007. Epub 2015 Oct 21.

Abstract

During recent decades, PI(4)P (phosphoinositol-4-phosphate) has been described as a key regulator of a wide range of cellular functions such as organelle biogenesis, lipid metabolism and distribution, membrane trafficking, ion channels, pumps, and transporter activities. In this review we will focus on the multiple mechanisms that regulate PI(4)P homeostasis ranging from those responsible for the spatial distribution of the PI4 kinases and PI(4)P phosphatase to those controlling their enzymatic activity or the delivery/presentation of the substrate, i.e. PI or PI(4)P, to the PI4Ks or PI(4)P phosphatase, respectively. We will also highlight the open questions in the field mainly dealing with the existence and mode of action of PI(4)P sensors that monitor its amount and can act as a rheostat tuning PI(4)P levels in different compartments and adapting them to the different needs of the cell.

Keywords: Lipid metabolism; Lipid transfer proteins; Membrane trafficking; PI(4)P; PI(4)P phosphatases; PI4 kinases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Homeostasis
  • Humans
  • Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / genetics
  • Minor Histocompatibility Antigens / metabolism*
  • Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / metabolism*
  • Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / genetics
  • Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / metabolism*
  • Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / genetics
  • Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / metabolism*

Substances

  • Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
  • Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate
  • Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
  • phosphatidylinositol phosphate 4-kinase
  • Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases