The effect of the anionic surfactant on the permeation properties of the nanofiltration (NF) membranes used for chromium(III) recovery from saline solution at low pH have been presented in this paper. The membrane surface layer performance periodically modified by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) solution has been studied with measurements of zeta potential, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and permeability coefficient of tested membranes. It was found that the membrane surface layer modification by SDS caused a substantial reduction in the possibility of separation of loose NF membrane characterized by a high density of positively charged groups activating under the effect of the low pH of the saline solutions (HL membrane). On the other hand, in the case of dense NF membranes characterized by a strong negatively charged surface (DL membrane) constituting used the SDS improves the separation of chloride and chromium(III) ions. In this case, the surfactant solution also provides a high membrane permeability coefficient behavior over a long period of use. DL membrane modification by SDS allowed both to retain the stable membrane working for a long period and to limit the frequency of the chemical cleaning of this membrane.