Background: Surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is nowadays achieved by either open surgical hip dislocation or hip arthroscopy. However, drawbacks of both procedures include the invasiveness of the open procedure and a high learning curve to successfully perform arthroscopic treatment. In our institution, we established a minimally invasive, arthroscopically assisted, antero-lateral approach for the correction of cam type FAI.
Objectives: The goal of the study was to describe the surgical technique and highlight the short-term clinical outcome in a consecutive series of patients operated between 2011 and 2014 in our institution.
Materials and methods: In total, 77 patients were included in this study. The patients were allocated to two groups (Toennis = 0: Group I; Toennis 1 and 2: Group II). Clinical and radiographic follow up was obtained at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Hip-Outcome-Score.
Results: The mean age of patients in Group I was 25 (16-48) years and in Group II 38 (17-50) years respectively. Internal rotation (IR) in 90° flexion increased by 11 degrees from pre- to postoperatively in Group I (p < 0.001) and by 14° in Group II (p < 0.001). The Hip Outcome Score revealed the ability to perform sports with reduced pain at three months follow up. Subjectively, all patients benefitted in terms of pain and hip function in both groups (p < 0.001). There were no complications with long-term morbidity during the perioperative course.
Conclusion: Arthroscopically assisted cam resection using a minimally invasive anterolateral approach is a safe technique for the treatment of FAI. At short term follow up, nearly all operated patients seem to benefit in terms of pain and hip function. The influence of progression of osteoarthritis still has to be shown.
Keywords: Arthroscopic surgery; Femoroacetabular impingement; Hip displacement; Joint flexibility; Pain.