Using a cVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interface to Control a Virtual Agent

IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng. 2016 Jun;24(6):692-9. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2015.2490621. Epub 2015 Oct 14.

Abstract

Brain-computer interfaces provide a means for controlling a device by brain activity alone. One major drawback of noninvasive BCIs is their low information transfer rate, obstructing a wider deployment outside the lab. BCIs based on codebook visually evoked potentials (cVEP) outperform all other state-of-the-art systems in that regard. Previous work investigated cVEPs for spelling applications. We present the first cVEP-based BCI for use in real-world settings to accomplish everyday tasks such as navigation or action selection. To this end, we developed and evaluated a cVEP-based on-line BCI that controls a virtual agent in a simulated, but realistic, 3-D kitchen scenario. We show that cVEPs can be reliably triggered with stimuli in less restricted presentation schemes, such as on dynamic, changing backgrounds. We introduce a novel, dynamic repetition algorithm that allows for optimizing the balance between accuracy and speed individually for each user. Using these novel mechanisms in a 12-command cVEP-BCI in the 3-D simulation results in ITRs of 50 bits/min on average and 68 bits/min maximum. Thus, this work supports the notion of cVEP-BCIs as a particular fast and robust approach suitable for real-world use.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Algorithms
  • Brain-Computer Interfaces*
  • Communication Aids for Disabled*
  • Electroencephalography / methods*
  • Evoked Potentials, Visual / physiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Man-Machine Systems
  • Pattern Recognition, Automated / methods*
  • Task Performance and Analysis
  • Visual Perception / physiology*