1 Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
2 Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK Edinburgh Health Services Research Unit, Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
3 Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, UK.
4 Swansea Centre for Health Economics (SCHE), College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University, UK.
5 CIPHER - Centre for the Improvement of Population Health through e-Records Research, Centre for Health Information, Research and Evaluation (CHIRAL), College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science 2 (ILS2), Swansea University, UK.
6 Edinburgh Health Services Research Unit, Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
7 Centre for Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Health Sciences Building, Queen's University Belfast, UK.
8 Information Services Division (ISD), NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.
9 School of Geography & Geosciences, Department of Geography & Sustainable Development, The University of Edinburgh, UK.
10 Asthma & Allergy Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, UK.
11 Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK aziz.sheikh@ed.ac.uk.