SIRT1 and insulin resistance

J Diabetes Complications. 2016 Jan-Feb;30(1):178-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.022. Epub 2015 Sep 2.

Abstract

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a prototype mammalian NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that has emerged as a key metabolic sensor in various metabolic tissues. Growing evidence suggests that SIRT1 regulates glucose and lipid metabolism through its deacetylase activity. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in SIRT1 research with a particular focus on the role of SIRT1 in insulin resistance at different metabolic tissues. Recent data indicate that activated SIRT1 improves the insulin sensitivity of liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissues and protects the function and cell mass of pancreatic β-cells. These findings suggest that SIRT1 might be a new therapeutic target for the prevention of disease related to insulin resistance, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: Insulin resistance; Organ; Sirtuins; Tissue; Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adipose Tissue / enzymology
  • Adipose Tissue / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Glucose / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Insulin / metabolism
  • Insulin Resistance*
  • Insulin Secretion
  • Insulin-Secreting Cells / cytology
  • Insulin-Secreting Cells / enzymology
  • Insulin-Secreting Cells / metabolism*
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Liver / enzymology
  • Liver / metabolism*
  • Models, Molecular*
  • Muscle, Skeletal / enzymology
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism*
  • Sirtuin 1 / chemistry
  • Sirtuin 1 / metabolism*

Substances

  • Insulin
  • SIRT1 protein, human
  • Sirtuin 1
  • Glucose