Amniocentesis is the most common and reliable prenatal diagnostic method for chromosomopathies. The purpose of the present study is to retrospectively evaluate our 15-year experience with prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis by amniocentesis, focusing on the indications and rates of chromosome abnormalities. The current study involve prenatal cytogenetic analysis from 564 amniocentesis performed at the Department of Medical Genetics, St. George University Hospital, Plovdiv between January 2000 and December 2014. Among clinical indications, abnormal maternal serum screening results (54.96%; 310/564) have been the most common indication for amniocentesis. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 5.5% (31/546) of cases. Structural rearrangements were the most common abnormality found (16/3 1;51,61%) with prevalence of balanced aberrations--11 cases. The highest detection rate of chromosome aberrations was in cases undergoing amniocentesis due to known family history of chromosomal abnormality (15.1%), followed by abnormal fetal ultrasound finding group (7.69%), increasing-risk maternal prenatal screening results (4.52%), and advanced maternal age (3.28%). This study provides important information for prenatal genetic counseling of families at risk with aim of prenatal care and prevention during pregnancies.