Background: Tumors of the mediastinum as well as normal thymus glands in patients with myasthenia gravis have traditionally been resected using large and morbid incisions. However, robotic-assisted mediastinal resections are gaining popularity because of the many advantages that the robot provides. However, few comprehensive reviews of the literature on robotic-assisted mediastinal resections exist.
Methods: A systemic review of the current medical literature was performed, excluding cases related to esophageal pathology. These studies were evaluated and their findings are reported in this comprehensive review. Approximately 48 papers met the inclusion criteria for review.
Results: Robotic-assisted surgical systems are increasingly being used in mediastinal resections. Based on the available literature, robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in the mediastinum is feasible and safe. Robotic-assisted mediastinal surgery appears to be superior to open approaches of the mediastinum and is comparable with videothoracoscopic surgery when patient outcomes are considered.
Conclusions: Increased robotic experience and more studies, including randomized controlled trials, are needed to validate the findings of the current literature.