Background and aim: Little is known about the incidence of and risk factors for glucose intolerance after distal pancreatectomy. This study investigated the clinicopathologic factors associated with the development of glucose intolerance or overt diabetes mellitus (DM) after distal pancreatectomy, and the correlation between resected pancreas volume and endocrine function impairment.
Methods: After excluding patients with preoperative DM, 101 patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy with a minimum of 1-year postoperative follow-up were enrolled in this prospective cohort. Patients were assessed preoperatively and 1 week and 12 months postoperatively by oral glucose tolerance tests and by measures of HbA1c and pancreatic volume.
Results: Mean patient age was 54.1 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.3 kg/m(2), and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1.8. Of the 101 patients, 21 (20.8 %) had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The median percent resected pancreas volume was 28.0 % (range 5.0-71.3 %). One year after distal pancreatectomy, 51 patients (50.5 %) had glucose intolerance, including 26 with impaired fasting glucose and 25 with DM. ROC curve analysis showed that a resected pancreas volume of 25 % showed maximum diagnostic value for development of glucose intolerance. Univariate analysis showed that female sex (58.5 vs. 36.1 %, P = 0.031), BMI (24.1 vs. 22.5 kg/m(2), P = 0.010), larger resected volume (36.5 vs. 28.0 %, P = 0.026), and lower remnant volume relative to BMI (1.7 × 10(-3) vs. 2.1 × 10(-3) m(5)/kg, P = 0.021) were risk factors for postoperative endocrine function impairment. Multivariate analysis revealed that female sex (odds ratio [OR] 5.818, P = 0.003), higher BMI (OR 10.556, P = 0.006), and resected pancreatic volume (OR 3.192, P = 0.035) were independent risk factors for endocrine impairment.
Conclusions: About 50 % of patients without preoperative DM developed impaired glucose tolerance or overt DM following distal pancreatectomy. Female sex, higher BMI, and resection of pancreatic volume >25 % were risk factors for endocrine function impairment, indicating the need for preoperative evaluation and careful perioperative glucose monitoring in these patients.