Evolution of Conformity in Social Dilemmas

PLoS One. 2015 Sep 1;10(9):e0137435. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137435. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

People often deviate from their individual Nash equilibrium strategy in game experiments based on the prisoner's dilemma (PD) game and the public goods game (PGG), whereas conditional cooperation, or conformity, is supported by the data from these experiments. In a complicated environment with no obvious "dominant" strategy, conformists who choose the average strategy of the other players in their group could be able to avoid risk by guaranteeing their income will be close to the group average. In this paper, we study the repeated PD game and the repeated m-person PGG, where individuals' strategies are restricted to the set of conforming strategies. We define a conforming strategy by two parameters, initial action in the game and the influence of the other players' choices in the previous round. We are particularly interested in the tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy, which is the well-known conforming strategy in theoretical and empirical studies. In both the PD game and the PGG, TFT can prevent the invasion of non-cooperative strategy if the expected number of rounds exceeds a critical value. The stability analysis of adaptive dynamics shows that conformity in general promotes the evolution of cooperation, and that a regime of cooperation can be established in an AllD population through TFT-like strategies. These results provide insight into the emergence of cooperation in social dilemma games.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cultural Evolution*
  • Humans
  • Prisoner Dilemma
  • Social Conformity*

Grants and funding

This research received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/], no. 31270439, no. 11471311 and no. 11301032) and "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" of China [http://www.mof.gov.cn/]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.