Cortisol awakening response predicts intrinsic functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex in the afternoon of the same day

Abstract

Cortisol awakening response (CAR) is the cortisol secretory activity in the first 30-60 min immediately after awakening in the morning. Alterations in CAR as a trait have been associated with changes in the brain structure and function. CAR also fluctuates over days. Little, however, is known about the relationship between CAR as a state and brain activity. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated whether the CAR predicts intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the brain in the afternoon of the same day. Data from forty-nine healthy participants were analyzed. Salivary cortisol levels were assessed immediately after awakening and 15, 30 and 60 min after awakening, and resting-state fMRI data were obtained in the afternoon. Global FC strength (FCS) of each voxel was computed to provide a whole-brain characterization of intrinsic functional architecture. Correlation analysis was used to examine whether CAR predicts the intrinsic FC of core brain networks. We observed that the CAR was positively correlated with the FCS of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Further analysis revealed that higher CAR predicted stronger positive mPFC connectivity with regions in the default mode network. Our findings suggest that the HPA activity after awakening in the early morning may predict intrinsic functional connectivity of mPFC at rest in the afternoon of the same day.

Keywords: Cortisol awakening response; Default mode network; Medial prefrontal cortex; Resting-state fMRI.