Exposure of Asian Elephants and Other Exotic Ungulates to Schmallenberg Virus

PLoS One. 2015 Aug 14;10(8):e0135532. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135532. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Orthobunyavirus, first described in 2011 in cattle in Germany and subsequently spread throughout Europe, affecting mainly ruminant livestock through the induction of foetal malformations. To gain a better understanding of the spectrum of susceptible species and to assess the value of current SBV serological assays, screening of serum samples from exotic artiodactyls and perissodactyls collected at the Living Collections from the Zoological Society of London (Whipsnade and London Zoos) and Chester Zoo was carried out. There was compelling evidence of SBV infection in both zoological collections. The competitive ELISA has proved to be applicable for the detection of SBV in exotic Bovidae, Cervidae, Suidae, Giraffidae and most notably in endangered Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), but unreliable for the screening of Camelidae, for which the plaque reduction neutralisation test was considered the assay of choice.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Animals, Zoo / virology*
  • Artiodactyla / virology*
  • Bunyaviridae Infections / veterinary*
  • Bunyaviridae Infections / virology
  • Elephants / virology*
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • London
  • Neutralization Tests / veterinary
  • Orthobunyavirus / pathogenicity*

Grants and funding

This work was funded by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) project SE0541, www.defra.gov.uk, and Zoological Society of London (ZSL) Whipsnade zoo, www.zsl.org. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.