There are presently new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) for prevention and the treatment of thromboembolic diseases and they are registered in CZ. It concerns of orally direct inhibitors of thrombin (dabigatran etexilate), inhibitors of factor Xa (apixaban, rivaroxaban), respectively, with advantage of some properties not being seen in "classical" anticoagulants. In the use of new anticoagulants, however, are some problems - such as laboratory monitoring in urgent situations of effective treatment and the absence of specific antidote - resolved. The text below brings indications, dosage of the drugs, their elimination, follow-up of efficacy of the treatment or risk of the bleeding as well as the therapy of bleeding complications.Key words: apixaban - dabigatran etexilate - NOAC - rivaroxaban.