Purpose of review: The rising prevalence of allergy and of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis is associated with changes in modern lifestyle. The current period of rapid development and consequent urbanization and migration, coupled with changes in climate, is facilitating a growth in rates of allergy.
Recent findings: Alterations to indoor and outdoor environments resulting from urbanization, industrialization, and climate change have significant implications for the prevalence and management of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis. Rising temperatures, precipitation and more extreme weather enable longer pollen seasons and greater viability of indoor and outdoor moulds and result in increased exposure to (and allergenic potential of) these aeroallergens. Outdoor air pollution is a major risk factor for rhino-conjunctivitis; key contributors are fuel combustion and dust storms because of changes in land-use and development. Further studies are needed to recognize and understand sources of indoor pollution including phthalates.
Summary: A better understanding of the role of environmental aeroallergens in allergic rhino-conjunctivitis is important to aid future management of allergic conjunctivitis. Strategies such as region-specific modelling of aeroallergens (pollens, air pollution) are required to predict and thus prevent exposure and to better inform appropriate childhood exposure and minimize lifelong effects.