Pregnancy outcome for fetuses with increased nuchal translucency but normal karyotype

J Med Screen. 2016 Mar;23(1):1-6. doi: 10.1177/0969141315595826. Epub 2015 Jul 20.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate pregnancy outcome for fetuses with nuchal translucency (NT) ≥3.5 mm but normal karyotype in the Stockholm (Sweden) area.

Methods: A retrospective population-based cohort study. From 2006 to 2012, fetal NT was measured in 55123 singleton pregnancies. There were 341 pregnancies with NT thickness ≥3.5 mm; 139 had a normal karyotype, 164 had an abnormal karyotype and 38 were removed from the study. Pregnancy outcome was defined as adverse (termination of pregnancy [TOP], miscarriage [MC], intrauterine fetal death [IUFD], or delivery of a child with structural defects or genetic disorders), or favourable (delivery of a child without any structural defects or genetic disorders diagnosed before discharge).

Results: Of the 139 high NT pregnancies with normal karyotype, 110 (79.2%) resulted in live births, one (0.7%) IUFD, 23 (16.5%) TOP and five (3.6%) MC. The risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome increased with increasing NT. Structural fetal defects were found in 28 (19.5%) of pregnancies undergoing second trimester ultrasound screening, of which seven resulted in live births and 21 were terminated. The most common structural defect was cardiac defects.

Conclusions: Adverse pregnancy outcome increased with increasing NT, even with normal karyotype, however, the prognosis is good if the second trimester ultrasound screening is normal.

Keywords: Congenital defect; Karyotype; Nuchal translucency; Pregnancy outcome; Prenatal Diagnosis.

MeSH terms

  • Abortion, Induced / statistics & numerical data*
  • Abortion, Spontaneous / epidemiology*
  • Congenital Abnormalities / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Fetal Death*
  • Fetus
  • Genetic Diseases, Inborn / epidemiology*
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / epidemiology*
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Karyotype*
  • Male
  • Nuchal Translucency Measurement*
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Outcome / epidemiology
  • Pregnancy Trimester, Second
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Sweden / epidemiology