Indirect Back-Titration ELISA: A New Format for Estimation of Human Tissue Kallikreins

Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2016 Jan;24(1):64-70. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000150.

Abstract

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is either based on sandwich, competitive, or inhibition type of format. However, these formats need 2 or 3 monoclonal antibodies (moAB) to estimate 1 antigen. To get a cost-effective, high throughput, ELISA for estimation of human tissue kallikreins we have now developed an indirect, back-titration style, Time Resolved ImmunoFluorometric (TRIF) ELISA that uses only 1 antigen-specific moAB and a general polyclonal antibody. Polystyrene microtiter plate wells coated with a capture antibody, a mouse moAB prepared against a specific human tissue kallikrein are allowed to interact either with the corresponding pure antigen, as the calibrator, or with the corresponding antigen present in a biological fluid or tissue extract. The detection antibody, anti-mouse IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase, is added to find the antigen-free immobilized capture moAB. Conjugated enzyme is allowed to hydrolyze diflunisal phosphate to produce a highly fluorescent complex. The fluorescence measured in TRIF mode corresponds to the antigen-free immobilized capture moAB and is used to quantify antigen-bound capture moAB. The detection antibody binds with the antigen-free capture moAB and strength of the signal correlates inversely with the amount of antigen bound to the capture moAB. With a minimum detection level of 20 ng/L the assay has no cross-reactivity with several test molecules. The method is sensitive, specific, applicable to a variety of biological samples, and cost-effective as it uses only 1 moAB and a polyclonal antibody. Using this assay, a single epitope can be estimated without purification.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alkaline Phosphatase / chemistry
  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Immobilized / chemistry
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / chemistry
  • Antigen-Antibody Complex / chemistry
  • Antigens / analysis*
  • Antigens / chemistry
  • Antigens / immunology
  • Calibration
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / methods*
  • Epitopes / chemistry*
  • Epitopes / immunology
  • Humans
  • Immunoconjugates / chemistry
  • Immunoglobulin G / chemistry
  • Limit of Detection
  • Mice
  • Protein Binding
  • Tissue Kallikreins / analysis*
  • Tissue Kallikreins / chemistry
  • Tissue Kallikreins / immunology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Immobilized
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antigen-Antibody Complex
  • Antigens
  • Epitopes
  • Immunoconjugates
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Alkaline Phosphatase
  • Tissue Kallikreins