A CRISPR-Cas9 System for Genetic Engineering of Filamentous Fungi

PLoS One. 2015 Jul 15;10(7):e0133085. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133085. eCollection 2015.

Abstract

The number of fully sequenced fungal genomes is rapidly increasing. Since genetic tools are poorly developed for most filamentous fungi, it is currently difficult to employ genetic engineering for understanding the biology of these fungi and to fully exploit them industrially. For that reason there is a demand for developing versatile methods that can be used to genetically manipulate non-model filamentous fungi. To facilitate this, we have developed a CRISPR-Cas9 based system adapted for use in filamentous fungi. The system is simple and versatile, as RNA guided mutagenesis can be achieved by transforming a target fungus with a single plasmid. The system currently contains four CRISPR-Cas9 vectors, which are equipped with commonly used fungal markers allowing for selection in a broad range of fungi. Moreover, we have developed a script that allows identification of protospacers that target gene homologs in multiple species to facilitate introduction of common mutations in different filamentous fungi. With these tools we have performed RNA-guided mutagenesis in six species of which one has not previously been genetically engineered. Moreover, for a wild-type Aspergillus aculeatus strain, we have used our CRISPR Cas9 system to generate a strain that contains an AACU_pyrG marker and demonstrated that the resulting strain can be used for iterative gene targeting.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aspergillus / classification
  • Aspergillus / genetics*
  • Aspergillus / metabolism
  • Base Sequence
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems*
  • Escherichia coli / genetics
  • Escherichia coli / metabolism
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal*
  • Gene Targeting / methods*
  • Genetic Engineering / methods*
  • Genetic Markers
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutagenesis
  • Plasmids / chemistry*
  • Plasmids / metabolism
  • RNA, Catalytic / genetics
  • RNA, Catalytic / metabolism
  • RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / genetics
  • RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems / metabolism
  • Transformation, Genetic

Substances

  • Genetic Markers
  • RNA, Catalytic
  • RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Grant 11-116803 from The Danish Council for Strategic Research.