Resistin is an adipokine secreted by macrophages and inflammatory cells linked to insulin resistance and inflammation. Leptin is an adipokine regulator of appetite and obesity. Although circulating levels of both have been associated with atherosclerosis, few data have reported their relation to coronary events in the context of statin therapy. This study measured on-statin levels of both resistin and leptin through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a nested case-control cohort (n = 176 cases with coronary death, myocardial infarction, or unstable angina pectoris observed in follow-up matched 1:1 to 176 controls) derived from the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 study, a randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin 80 mg/day versus pravastatin 40 mg/day in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. Resistin demonstrated a moderate association with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP; Spearman rho = 0.25, p <0.0001). On-statin resistin levels were linked to recurrent coronary events in conditional logistic regression analysis adjusted for additional risk factors including hsCRP and history of diabetes (tertile 3 vs 1 adjusted odds ratio 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 4.19). An additive risk was noted when patients were stratified by resistin and glycated hemoglobin levels. In contrast, leptin levels were associated with obesity, diabetes, triglycerides, and hsCRP (p <0.001 for each) but demonstrated no association with recurrent coronary events (tertile 3 vs 1 adjusted odds ratio 0.72; 95% CI 0.28 to 1.83). In conclusion, on-statin resistin, but not leptin, is an independent marker of residual risk for recurrent coronary events in patients after hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome.
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