Effectiveness of Robot Paro in Intramural Psychogeriatric Care: A Multicenter Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

Background: Together with care professionals, specific psychogeriatric care applications were developed for the seal robot Paro.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of the developed Paro interventions, applying the robot in psychogeriatric care.

Design: A multicenter quasi-experimental time series ABAB study (n = 91) with within-subject comparison was conducted to assess both the short-term effects of the Paro interventions for therapeutic applications, and the facilitation of daily care activities by care providers.

Setting: Small-scale care units (8-10 residents each), spread over 6 different locations, in 3 Dutch care institutions for intramural psychogeriatric care.

Participants: A total of 91 patients with dementia, in all stages of dementia.

Intervention: Two user-centered intervention types were applied, one for therapeutic purposes and one for the facilitation of daily care activities.

Measurements: Effectiveness was measured with a goal attainment scale (IPPA) and a mood scale (Coop/Wonca), by means of a registration form.

Results: A total of 106 user-specific interventions were defined for 91 participants; 71 participants completed the study, 14 were men and 57 were women. All interventions combined show a significant effect (P < .001).

Conclusion: Paro should be seen as a tool for care staff and not as a replacement of care. Successful implementation of Paro in daily intramural psychogeriatric care practice can increase the quality of care and the quality of life for the elderly.

Keywords: Paro; Socially assistive robot; dementia; effectiveness; interventions; intramural care.