Quantification of soil/dust (SD) on the hands of children from Hubei Province, China using hand wipes

Siyu Wang; Jin Ma; Libo Pan; Chunye Lin; Beibei Wang; Xiaoli Duan

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.006

Quantification of soil/dust (SD) on the hands of children from Hubei Province, China using hand wipes

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015 Oct:120:193-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jun 16.

Authors

Siyu Wang¹, Jin Ma², Libo Pan¹, Chunye Lin³, Beibei Wang⁴, Xiaoli Duan¹

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: majin@craes.org.cn.
³ State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

PMID: 26086575
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.006

Abstract

A total of 120 children (58 males and 62 females) between the ages of 2 and 17 years were randomly selected from Wuhan City and Wufeng County in Hubei Province, China. We gathered hand SD samples from these children using hand wipes. We determined approximate amounts of hand SD and concentrations of three tracer soil elements (Ce, Y, V) in these samples. The approximate amounts of hand SD ranged from 6.35 to 85.42mg with a median value of 20.62mg. In addition, mean amounts of hand SD estimated using concentrations of Ce, Y, and V in samples were 1.07, 1.00, and 0.92mg, respectively. The amounts of hand SD varied greatly among age groups: primary school children had more hand SD than kindergarten and middle school children, males had more hand SD than females, and children from rural areas had more hand SD than those from urban areas. The rates of daily ingestion of hand SD for kindergarten, primary school, and middle school children were estimated as 1.79, 2.12, and 0.49mg/d, respectively.

Keywords: Children; Hand to mouth contact; SD ingestion; Tracer element..

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
China
Dust / analysis*
Environmental Exposure / analysis*
Female
Hand Disinfection*
Hand*
Humans
Male
Metals, Heavy / analysis
Soil*
Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

Dust
Metals, Heavy
Soil