Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of novel CRAMP-vancomycin conjugates with diverse linkers

Org Biomol Chem. 2015 Jul 21;13(27):7477-86. doi: 10.1039/c5ob00830a.

Abstract

We report the design, synthesis and antibacterial activity analysis of conjugates of vancomycin and cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides (CRAMP). Vancomycin inhibits the nascent peptidoglycan synthesis and is highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas Gram-negative bacteria are generally insensitive due to a protective outer membrane. CRAMP is known to translocate across the Gram-negative outer membrane by a self-promoted uptake mechanism. Vancomycin-CRAMP conjugates were synthesized using click chemistry with diverse hydrophilic and hydrophobic linkers, with CRAMP functioning as a carrier peptide for the transfer of vancomycin through the outer membrane. Small hydrophobic linkers with an aromatic group result in the most active conjugates against planktonic Gram-negative bacteria, while maintaining the high activity of vancomycin against Gram-positive bacteria. These conjugates thus show a broad-spectrum activity, which is absent in CRAMP or vancomycin alone, and which is strongly improved compared to an equimolar mixture of CRAMP and vancomycin. In addition, these conjugates also show a strong inhibitory activity against S. Typhimurium biofilm formation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
  • Bacteria / drug effects
  • Bacteria / growth & development
  • Biofilms / drug effects*
  • Biofilms / growth & development
  • Cathelicidins / chemistry
  • Cathelicidins / pharmacology*
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  • Isomerism
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Microscopy, Atomic Force
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Vancomycin / chemistry
  • Vancomycin / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
  • Cathelicidins
  • Vancomycin