Adrenal mild hypercortisolism

Gillian M Goddard; Aarti Ravikumar; Alice C Levine

doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.009

Adrenal mild hypercortisolism

Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2015 Jun;44(2):371-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.009.

Authors

Gillian M Goddard¹, Aarti Ravikumar², Alice C Levine³

Affiliations

¹ The Hilda and J. Lester Gabrilove Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1055, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA; Lennox Hill Hospital, North Shore-LIJ Health System, New York, NY 10075, USA.
² The Hilda and J. Lester Gabrilove Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1055, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
³ The Hilda and J. Lester Gabrilove Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1055, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. Electronic address: alice.levine@mountsinai.org.

PMID: 26038206
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.02.009

Abstract

Adrenal incidentalomas have become detected more often as the use of abdominal imaging has increased. Up to one-third of these may be secreting low levels of cortisol, known as mild hypercortisolism or subclinical Cushing syndrome. These low levels of cortisol have been found to be associated with an increased in the metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, cardiovascular events, and mortality. This article discusses in detail the epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical associations, and treatment options of mild hypercortisolism.

Keywords: Adrenal; Adrenal incidentaloma; Cortisol; Cushing syndrome; Mild hypercortisolism; Subclinical Cushing syndrome.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / diagnosis*
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / epidemiology
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / therapy
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / diagnosis*
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / epidemiology
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / therapy
Adrenalectomy
Adrenocortical Adenoma / diagnosis*
Adrenocortical Adenoma / epidemiology
Adrenocortical Adenoma / therapy
Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
Comorbidity
Cushing Syndrome / diagnosis*
Cushing Syndrome / epidemiology
Cushing Syndrome / therapy
Dexamethasone
Glucocorticoids
Humans
Metabolic Syndrome / epidemiology
Mortality
Osteoporosis / epidemiology
Severity of Illness Index

Substances

Glucocorticoids
Dexamethasone

Supplementary concepts

Adrenal incidentaloma