Background: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal corticosteroid implants for macular edema.
Methods: A total of 3,586 patients from previously reported randomized controlled trials were included. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, employing random-effects or fixed-effects models according to between-study heterogeneity. The main outcome measures were the ORs for effects and safety of intravitreal corticosteroid implants.
Results: Four eligible studies were included. Compared with the sham group, the ORs for ≥15 letter improvement of visual acuity in the high-dose and low-dose groups were 1.89 (95% CI 1.33-2.69, P=0.0004) and 1.62 (95% CI 1.10-2.41, P=0.02), respectively. The weight mean differences in central retinal thickness increases were -75.46 (95% CI -90.29, -60.63, P<0.0001) and -46.47 (95% CI -92.08, -0.86, P=0.05), respectively. However, the ORs for increased intraocular pressure in both intervention groups were higher than in the sham group, and were 11.50 (95% CI 7.24-18.28, P<0.00001) and 10.30 (95% CI 6.49-16.36, P<0.00001), respectively. The incidence of cataract was 7.25 (95% CI 5.68-9.25, P<0.00001) and 3.56 (95% CI 1.28-9.96, P=0.02) in the two intervention groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between the intervention groups except for the incidence of cataract in which the OR was 1.59 (95% CI 1.28-1.97, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Intravitreal corticosteroid implants are effective in treating macular edema. However, the efficacy is not related to corticosteroid dose.
Keywords: corticosteroid implant; intravitreal; macular edema; randomized controlled trial.