Purpose: Many forestry workers who use chain-saws suffer from low back pain. Previous studies have reported that low back pain is related to the working postures while felling a tree with a using chain-saws. However, no previous study has investigated trunk muscle activities during work. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between working postures while holding a chain-saw, and trunk muscles activities as measured by surface electromyography (EMG).
Method: Subjects were 10 males who were not forestry workers. Four task postures while holding a chain-saw were tested: standing, 30(o) trunk flexion, 90(o) trunk flexion and half-kneeling. EMG recordings were obtained bilaterally of the lumbar paraspinal (LP) muscles and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles. Raw EMG data were processed by integrating the EMG and normalizing them to %MVC. The paired t-test was used to detect statistical differences in the activities between the right and left LP muscles and RA muscles. One-factor repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the bilateral LP and RA muscle activities among the 4 different postures. The significance level was set to less than 5%.
Results: In the half-kneeling posture, the right LP muscle activity was 14.7% higher than the left LP muscle activity (p<0.05); however, there were no significant differences in muscle activities among the other postures. The right LP muscle activity of 30(o) trunk flexion posture was 25.6% higher than that of the standing posture, and 14.2% higher than that of half-kneeling posture (p<0.05). The bilateral LP muscle activities of the 90(o) trunk flexion posture were the highest of the 4 postures, 16.7% higher than the half-kneeling posture (p<0.05) right LP muscle activity. There was a tendency of increase in the left LP muscle activity when trunk flexion angle increased, but no significant differences among the 4 postures were found. The bilateral RA muscle activities were low and did not significantly differ among the 4 postures.
Conclusions: This study showed that when the trunk is flexed, the LP muscle activities change asymmetrically, with the right LP muscle activity increasing significantly compared to the standing posture and the half-kneeing posture, but there was no significant difference in the left LP muscle activity. These results suggest that working postures that involve trunk flexion while felling a tree with a holding chain-saw may lead to increased loading of the LP muscles.