Objectives: To investigate the role of endothelial cell mediators, E-selectin (ES), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tissue factor (TF), and von Willebrand factor (vWF), in the early phase of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) complicated with respiratory failure [pancreatitis-associated lung injury (PALI)].
Patients and methods: This study included 30 patients with SAP and 39 patients with PALI. Blood samples were taken from SAP and PALI patients on presenting to the hospital (day 1), and days 2, 3, 5, and 10. The relationship between blood concentrations of the studied endothelial mediators and lung function tests was analyzed.
Results: PALI patients had significantly higher ES, ICAM-1, TF, and vWF blood levels than those with SAP as early as at admission and throughout the period studied. We found the highest concentration of ES on the second day, ICAM-1 and TF at admission, and vWF level on the fifth day. There were adverse correlations between ES, ICAM-1, TF, vWF concentrations, and the index of oxygenation--PaO2/FiO2 ratio (Rs=-0.385, Rs=-0.523, Rs=-0.505, Rs=-0.408, P<0.001, respectively). The most accurate prediction of PALI was provided by ICAM-1 and TF levels on the day of admission [areas under curve (AUCs): ES, 0.704; ICAM-1, 0.787; TF, 0.757; and vWF, 0.686].
Conclusion: Endothelium-related mediators ES, ICAM-1, TF, and vWF appear to participate in pancreatitis-associated lung injury. In SAP, the measurement of endothelial mediator levels (especially ICAM-1 and TF) may be used as an early prognostic indicator that would predict the development of respiratory failure and to monitor the severity of lung dysfunction.