Comparative in vitro biological evaluation of daunorubicin containing GnRH-I and GnRH-II conjugates developed for tumor targeting

Abstract

Hormone based drug targeting is a promising tool for selective tumor therapy. In this study, synthesis and systematic comparative biological evaluation of novel drug containing analogs of gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH-I and GnRH-II is reported demonstrating their suitability for tumor targeting. The cytotoxic conjugates were prepared by the attachment of the chemotherapeutical agent daunorubicin (Dau) to GnRH analogs directly or through an enzyme-labile spacer with oxime linkage. All conjugates were found to be proteolytically stable under circumstances applied in biological assays. Both GnRH-I and GnRH-II were able to bind similarly to high-affinity GnRH-I receptors on human pituitary and human prostate cancer cells. The in vitro long-term cytotoxic effect of the conjugates was comparable with that of the free drug in human breast and colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent cellular uptake profile was observed. The in vitro apoptotic effect of the compounds was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis using annexin-V. Our results show that both the GnRH-I and the GnRH-II based analogs might be applied for targeted tumor therapy.

Keywords: apoptotic effect; gonadotropin-releasing hormone; long-term cytotoxic effect; receptor binding affinity; targeted tumor therapy; targeting unit.